인천백북스

조회 수 2233 추천 수 0 댓글 0
?

단축키

Prev이전 문서

Next다음 문서

크게 작게 위로 아래로 댓글로 가기 인쇄 첨부
?

단축키

Prev이전 문서

Next다음 문서

크게 작게 위로 아래로 댓글로 가기 인쇄 첨부
[과학] 인류의 편가르기, 오랜 진화적 뿌리

http://imnews.imbc.com/news/2011/health/article/2815983_8444.html

Human Prejudice Has Ancient Evolutionary Roots

ScienceDaily (Mar. 18, 2011) — The tendency to perceive others as "us versus them" isn't exclusively human but appears to be shared by our primate cousins, a new study led by Yale researchers has found.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317102552.htm



The evolution of intergroup bias: Perceptions and attitudes in rhesus macaques.



Mahajan, Neha; Martinez, Margaret A.; Gutierrez, Natashya L.; Diesendruck, Gil; Banaji, Mahzarin R.; Santos, Laurie R.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 100(3), Mar 2011, 387-405. doi: 10.1037/a0022459

Abstract


Social psychologists have learned a great deal about the nature of intergroup conflict and the attitudinal and cognitive processes that enable it. Less is known about where these processes come from in the first place.

In particular, do our strategies for dealing with other groups emerge in the absence of human-specific experiences? One profitable way to answer this question has involved administering tests that are conceptual equivalents of those used with adult humans in other species, thereby exploring the continuity or discontinuity of psychological processes.

We examined intergroup preferences in a nonhuman species, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). We found the first evidence that a nonhuman species automatically distinguishes the faces of members of its own social group from those in other groups and displays greater vigilance toward outgroup members (Experiments 1–3).




In addition, we observed that macaques spontaneously associate novel objects with specific social groups and display greater vigilance to objects associated with outgroup members (Experiments 4–5).

Finally, we developed a looking time procedure—the Looking Time Implicit Association Test, which resembles the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995)—and we discovered that macaques, like humans, automatically evaluate ingroup members positively and outgroup members negatively (Experiments 6–7).

These field studies represent the first controlled experiments to examine the presence of intergroup attitudes in a nonhuman species. As such, these studies suggest that the architecture of the mind that enables the formation of these biases may be rooted in phylogenetically ancient mechanisms.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/
http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/100/3/387/


    (참고)


    (Cayo Santiago)
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayo_Santiago
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico
    cayo : A rock, shoal or islet in the sea; key
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islet

    A free-ranging colony of rhesus macaques was established in 1938 on an island in the Caribbean. Introduced to Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, rhesus macaques have been studied under semi-natural conditions for almost 70 years and have provided an unprecedented resource for information about behavior, population demography, and long-term histories of individuals' social and physical development (Rawlins & Kessler 1986a). Furthermore, with the establishment of this colony of free-ranging macaques came the birth of a new field of study, sociobiology, pioneered by Stuart Altmann who observed rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago and worked with notable sociobiologist E.O. Wilson (Bercovitch pers. comm.).

    (Rhesus Macaque)
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_Macaque
    http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/rhesus_macaque


    (Laurie Santos)
    http://www.yale.edu/psychology/FacInfo/Santos.html

    http://www.yale.edu/caplab/Main/Home.html


    List of Articles
    번호 분류 제목 글쓴이 날짜 조회 수
    484 공지 인천백북스 모임 재개 1 안희찬 2016.12.12 209
    483 공지 제69차 인천백북스 정기모임 안내 2 장철순 2017.01.02 265
    482 제30차 인천백북스 안내 포스터 1 file 안희찬 2011.07.27 1239
    481 제33차 인천백북스 포스터 2 안희찬 2011.11.01 1274
    480 가입했어요~~ 2 김현주 2011.09.15 1326
    479 안녕하세여~ 1 윤지원 2011.06.10 1327
    478 제31차 인천백북스 안내 포스터 1 안희찬 2011.08.19 1332
    477 제32차 인천백북스 안내 포스터 안희찬 2011.10.18 1335
    476 안녕하세요~가입했어요 3 오성화 2011.08.11 1339
    475 가입인사 - 김승수 2 김승수 2011.08.29 1345
    474 등업신청합니다. 6 김두환 2012.01.13 1351
    473 뒤늦은 후기 3 엄준호 2011.08.10 1356
    472 안녕하세요~ 3 최영은 2011.10.14 1358
    471 아시아태평양 이론물리센터 크로스로드 4월 책대책 1 김형태 2012.04.08 1370
    470 공지 내일, (3월 17일) 인천토요모임 부교재/추천도서 1 김형태 2012.03.17 1384
    469 가입입사드립니다~ 3 안세승 2013.05.17 1392
    468 현장스케치 제32차 인천백북스 회계보고 안희찬 2011.10.20 1406
    467 현장스케치 2011 중앙마라톤 참가 3 안희찬 2011.11.14 1412
    466 등업 신청 합니다,, 5 이규석 2011.12.22 1420
    465 29회 모임 참가 후기 3 이병록 2011.07.06 1421
    목록
    Board Pagination Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 25 Next
    / 25