(그림출처) T. R. Birkhead, David J. Hosken, Scott Pitnick, "Sperm biology: an evolutionary perspective" (2009)


(참고)
1. Meiotic drive
All nuclear genes in a given diploid genome cooperate because each allele has an equal probability of being present in a gamete. This fairness is guaranteed by meiosis. However, there is one type of gene, called a segregation distorter, that "cheats" during meiosis or gametogenesis and thus is present in more than half of the functional gametes. The most studied examples are sd in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), t haplotype in Mus musculus (mouse) and sk in Neurospora sp. (fungus). Segregation distorters that are present in sexual chromosomes (as the X chromosome in several Drosophila species) are denominated sex-ratio distorters, as they induce a sex-ratio bias in the offspring of the carrier individual. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_distorter)

2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1207879/pdf/ge14541093.pdf
3. http://evolution-textbook.org/content/free/figures/21_EVOW_Art/09_EVOW_CH21.jpg
4. http://www.cell.com/trends/genetics/abstract/S0168-9525(00)02020-5
5. http://www.rug.nl/biologie/onderzoek/onderzoekgroepen/theoreticalbiology/pdf/vbw00_evol.pdf
6. http://bric.postech.ac.kr/myboard/read.php?Board=news&id=66203
7. http://chanhong.hannam.ac.kr/ubbcgi/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=19;t=000029
8. http://philinst.snu.ac.kr/thought/25/07.pdf
9. (pdf) TRANSMISSION RATIO DISTORTION IN MICE Mary F. Lyon (구글로 검색해서 다운받으세요)
10. Transmission ratio distortion
Preferential inheritance of one parental allele (hereafter, TRD, transmission ratio distortion) has been observed in interspecific crosses of mouse (see Biddle, Genome 29:389, 1987), tomato (Kinzer, et al. TAG 79:489, 1990), and other plant species (see Zamir et al., Bot.Gaz. 147:355, 1986).
11. Transmission ratio distortion in mouse t-haplotypes is due to multiple distorter genes acting on a responder locus (Mary F. Lyon)
12.  t complex responder locus (Tcr). Tcr is the key locus in TRD
13. Distortion of transmission ratio by a candidate t complex responder locus transgene.(1992: Snyder L C; Silver L M)
14. Males heterozygous for the t-haplotype form of mouse chromosome 17 preferentially transmit the t-chromosome to their progeny. Several distorter/sterility loci carried on the t-haplotype together impair flagellar function in all spermatozoa whereas the responder, Tcr, rescues t-sperm but not wild-type sperm. Thus, t-sperm have an advantage over wild-type sperm in fertilizing egg cells.(http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6758/abs/402141a0.html)
15.  http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6758/fig_tab/402131b0_F1.html#figure-title
16. http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos323/links/willison99.pdf

(wikipedia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_distorter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_type