Molecular dating of basal placental divergences and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Chronogram with branch lengths proportional to time units obtained from the partitioned analysis of the complete ADRA2B + BRCA1 + VWF (codon positions 1+2+3) placental nucleotide dataset (5130 sites). The geological timescale for the Cretaceous and Tertiary eras is superimposed (Paleo. = Paleocene; Oligo. = Oligocene; P. = Pliocene). The thick horizontal dashed line marks the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (K/T) at 65 Mya. The grey shaded area representing the Late Cretaceous era illustrates the fact that the major placental divergences occurred within this time window. The names of basal placental clades (yellow diamonds) and calibration nodes (red stars) referring to Table 1 are indicated (PAE: PAEnungulata, MUR: MURidae, MEG: MEGachiroptera, PER: PERissodactyla, ART: CetARTiodactyla, and CET: CETacea). The xenarthran subtree is highlighted in bold and numbering of nodes refers to Table 1.  Delsuc et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004 4:11   doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-11
그림 출처 : Margaret Gentili, Adaptive Radiation of Eutherians: A Comparative Study of Long Fuse, Short Fuse, Explosion and the ‘Garden of Eden’ Hypotheses
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/4/11/table/T1
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/4/11/figure/F1


그림설명 : A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution.
All times indicate Myr separating humans (or the largest sister group containing humans) and the group shown, except when the comparative groups are separated by a slash (/). Time estimates are shown with 61 s.e.m. and the number of genes used is given in parentheses.

Three groups of mammalian orders are:
Archonta (Primates, Scandentia, Dermoptera, Chiroptera, and Lagomorpha),
Ferungulata (Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, and Perissodactyla),
and Paenungulata (Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sirenia).
Cam, Cambrian; Carbonif, Carboniferous; Dev, Devonian; PC, Precambrian; Perm, Permian; Prot, Proterozoic; Sil, Silurian; Tri, Triassic.
그림출처 : Sudhir Kumar & S. Blair Hedges, Amolecular timescale for vertebrate evolution, NATURE (VOL 392, 30 APRIL 1998)


다음 그림은, 위의 그림을 약간 변형한 것임.


그림 설명 : the emerging molecular tree of the placental orders. The molecular tree recognizes four major clades: Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires, of which the latter two are joined into Boreoeutheria. The presented placental ordinal topology is according to Murphy et al. [21]. Placing Marsupialia as sister to Placentalia is based on Phillips and Penny [54] and references therein. Clades indicated by solid lines are, with rare exceptions, supported independently by all other molecular data and analyses [24–29]. Notable exceptions are the strong tendency of mitochondrial protein sequences to place hedgehogs and rodents as basal in the
tree [14]. Colors distinguish the four basal placental clades in the molecular tree.
그림 출처 : Wilfried W. de Jong et al., Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree, TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 19, No. 8. (1 August 2004), pp. 430-438.

(포유류 분류학)

Marsuplalia 유대류